L

L<classname>;

field descriptor meaning, 91

l2d instruction, 282

l2f instruction, 283

l2i instruction, 284

ladd instruction, 285

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, operand stack operations, 361

laload instruction, 286

land instruction, 287

lastore instruction, 288

late binding

frame constant pool reference support of, 68

lcmp instruction, 289

lconst_<l> instructions, 290

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

accessing the constant pool, 347

operand stack operations, 361

ldc instruction, 291

constraints, static, 120

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, accessing the constant pool, 347

ldc_quick instruction, 417

ldc_w instruction, 292

constraints, static, 120

ldc_w_quick instruction, 418

ldc2_w instruction, 294

constraints, static, 120

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples

accessing the constant pool, 347

constants and local variables in a for loop, 343

while loop, 349, 350

ldc2_w_quick instruction, 419

ldiv instruction, 295

left angle bracket (<)

in CONSTANT_Methodref_info and CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info names, significance of, 95

left parentheses (

method descriptor meaning, 91

left square bracket [

field descriptor specification, 91

length

arrays, fetching, arraylength, 164

length item

(CONSTANT_Utf8_info structure), 101

(LocalVariableTable_attribute structure), 117

limitations

Java Virtual Machine components, 136

line_number item

(element of line_number_table array of LineNumberTable_attribute structure), 116

line_number_table array

(LineNumberTable_attribute structure), 116

line_number_table_length item

(LineNumberTable_attribute structure), 115

LineNumberTable_attribute structure

(element of attributes table of Code_attribute structure), 115

LinkageError, 43, 44

as unrecoverable runtime exception class, 39

verification pass 4 occurrence of, 127

linking

See also verification

class files verification issues, 124

dynamic

frame use for, 66

support, frame constant pool reference, 67

errors

IllegalAccessError, 39

IncompatibleClassChangeError, 39

InstantiationError, 39

LinkageError as unrecoverable runtime exception class, 39

LinkageError loading errors thrown by, 43

LinkageError verification errors thrown by, 44

LinkageError verification pass 4 occurrence of, 127

NoSuchFieldError, 39

NoSuchMethodError, 39

overview, 41

term definition, 43

unrecoverable runtime exceptions associated with, 39

literals

See also constants; strings; variables

false term definition, 6

null term definition, 6

strings

constant pool resolution of, 148

constant pool resolution of, JDK 1.0.2 implementation bug, 148

term definition, 6

true term definition, 6

lload instruction, 296

lload_<n> instructions, 297

lmul instruction, 298

lneg instruction, 299

loading

See also accessing; linking; retrieving; verification

errors, NoClassDefFoundError, 39

from arrays

byte or boolean, baload, 169

char, caload, 172

double, daload, 181

float, faload, 209

int, iaload, 239

long, laload, 286

reference, aaload, 156

short, saload, 331

from local variables

double, dload, 187

double, dload_<n>, 188

float, fload, 215

float, fload_<n>, 216

int, iload, 252

int, iload_<n>, 253

long, lload, 296

long, lload_<n>, 297

reference, aload, 160

reference, aload_<n>, 161

lload instruction, constraints, static, 121

lload_<n> instructions, constraints, static, 121

load instructions, summary, 74

loadClass method, constant pool resolution of classes and interfaces loaded by, algorithm, 145

overview, 41

term definition, 43

unrecoverable runtime exceptions associated with, 39

local_variable_table array

(LocalVariableTable_attribute structure), 117

local_variable_table_length item

(LocalVariableTable_attribute structure), 117

local variables

See also parameters; variables

accessing, structural constraints on instructions, 122

code verification, Pass 3 - bytecode verifier, 128

compilation of, Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, 341

data flow analysis, 126

exception handling impact on, 70

extend index by additional bytes, wide, 337

frames used to hold, 66

instructions

for accessing more, summary, 75

load and store, summary, 74

specialized to handle, advantages of, 342

loading

double from, dload, 187

double from, dload_<n>, 188

float from, fload, 215

float from, fload_<n>, 216

int from, iload, 252

int from, iload_<n>, 253

long from, lload, 296

long from, lload_<n>, 297

reference from, aload, 160

reference from, aload_<n>, 161

location of, 118

maximum number, 111

number limitation, 136

reuse, advantages of, 342

states, merging, during data-flow analysis, 130

storing

double into, dstore, 195

double into, dstore_<n>, 196

float into, fstore, 223

float into, fstore_<n>, 224

int into, istore, 275

int into, istore_<n>, 276

long into, lstore, 307

long into, lstore_<n>, 308

reference into, astore, 165

reference into, astore_<n>, 166

term definition, 12

LocalVariableTable_attribute structure

(Code_attribute structure), 116

locks

See also threads

ACC_SYNCHRONIZED modifier, field_info structure, 104

(chapter), 371

errors, IllegalMonitorStateException thrown, 38

interaction with variables, rules about, 377

managing shared variables with, 27

multithreaded synchronization with, 54

rules about, 376

synchronization and, 386

synchronized method use of, 29

term definition, 10, 53

long type

adding, ladd, 285

ANDing, bitwise, land, 287

comparing, lcmp, 289

constant, CONSTANT_Long_info structure representation, syntax and item descriptions, 97

converting

double to, d2l, 178

float to, f2l, 206

int to, i2l, 236

to double, l2d, 282

to float, l2f, 283

to int, l2i, 284

data-flow analysis handling, 131

dividing, ldiv, 295

field descriptor specification, 91

fields

getting from class instances, getfield2_quick, 398

putting into class instances, putfield2_quick, 426

loading

from arrays, laload, 286

from local variables, lload, 296

from local variables, lload_<n>, 297

multiplying, lmul, 298

negating, lneg, 299

ORing

bitwise, exclusive, lxor, 311

bitwise, inclusive, lor, 302

pushing

constants, lconst_<l>, 290

wide index, ldc2_w, 294

wide index, ldc2_w_quick, 419

remainder, lrem, 303

shift left, lshl, 305

shift right

arithmetic, lshr, 306

logical, lushr, 310

storing into

arrays, lastore, 288

local variables, lstore, 307

local variables, lstore_<n>, 308

subtracting, lsub, 309

term definition, 58

value, return from method, lreturn, 304

value range, 59

lookupswitch instruction, 300

See also tableswitch instruction

lookupswitch instruction (cont.)

code array alignment effect, 111

constraints, static, 119

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, compiling switches, 360

lor instruction, 302

low_bytes item

(CONSTANT_Double_info structure), 98

(CONSTANT_Long_info structure), 98

lrem instruction, 303

lreturn instruction, 304

constraints, structural, 123

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, operand stack operations, 361

lshl instruction, 305

lshr instruction, 306

lstore instruction, 307

constraints, static, 121

lstore_<n> instructions, 308

constraints, static, 121

in Java Virtual Machine assembly language examples, accessing the constant pool, 347

lsub instruction, 309

lushr instruction, 310

lxor instruction, 311

Contents | Prev | Next | Index

Java Virtual Machine Specification

Copyright © 1996, 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved
Please send any comments or corrections to jvm@java.sun.com