The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available.
See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases.
See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.
To enable the user to interact with the graphics you display, you need to be able to determine when the user clicks on one of them. The hit
method of the
Graphics2D
class provides a way to easily determine whether a mouse click occurred over a particular
Shape
object. Alternatively you can get the location of the mouse click and call contains
on the Shape
to determine whether the click was within the bounds of the Shape
.
If you are using primitive text, you can perform simple hit testing by getting the outline Shape
that corresponds to the text and then calling hit
or contains
with that Shape
. Supporting text editing requires much more sophisticated hit testing. If you want to allow the user to edit text, you should generally use one of the Swing editable text components. If you are working with primitive text and are using the
TextLayout
class to manage the shaping and positioning of the text, you can also use TextLayout
to perform hit testing for text editing. For more information see the chapter Text and Fonts in the
Java 2D Programmer's Guide or see the HitTestSample example below, which uses a TextLayout
to perform simple hit-testing.
This applet allows the user to drag a Shape
around within the applet window. The Shape
is redrawn at every mouse location to provide feedback as the user drags it.
ShapeMover.java
contains the complete code for this applet.
The contains
method is called to determine whether the cursor is within the bounds of the rectangle when the mouse is pressed. If it is, the location of the rectangle is updated.
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){ last_x = rect.x - e.getX(); last_y = rect.y - e.getY(); if(rect.contains(e.getX(), e.getY())) updateLocation(e); ... public void updateLocation(MouseEvent e){ rect.setLocation(last_x + e.getX(), last_y + e.getY()); ... repaint();
You might notice that redrawing the Shape
at every mouse location is slow, because the filled rectangle is rerendered every time it is moved. Using double buffering can eliminate this problem. If you use Swing, the drawing will be double buffered automatically; you don't have to change the rendering code at all. The code for a Swing version of this program is
SwingShapeMover.java
.
This application illustrates hit testing by drawing the default caret wherever the user clicks on the TextLayout
, as shown in the following figure.
contains the complete code for this applet.HitTestSample.java
The mouseClicked
method uses TextLayout.hitTestChar
to return a java.awt.font.TextHitInfo
object that contains the mouse click location (the insertion index) in the TextLayout
object.
Information returned by the TextLayout
getAscent
, getDescent
, and getAdvance
methods is used to compute the location of the origin for the TextLayout
object so it is horizontally and vertically centered.
... private Point2D computeLayoutOrigin() { Dimension size = getPreferredSize(); Point2D.Float origin = new Point2D.Float(); origin.x = (float) (size.width - textLayout.getAdvance()) / 2; origin.y = (float) (size.height - textLayout.getDescent() + textLayout.getAscent())/2; return origin; } ... public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { super.paintComponent(g); setBackground(Color.white); Graphics2D graphics2D = (Graphics2D) g; Point2D origin = computeLayoutOrigin(); graphics2D.translate(origin.getX(), origin.getY()); // Draw textLayout. textLayout.draw(graphics2D, 0, 0); // Retrieve caret Shapes for insertionIndex. Shape[] carets = textLayout.getCaretShapes(insertionIndex); // Draw the carets. carets[0] is the strong // caret and carets[1] is the weak caret. graphics2D.setColor(STRONG_CARET_COLOR); graphics2D.draw(carets[0]); if (carets[1] != null) { graphics2D.setColor(WEAK_CARET_COLOR); graphics2D.draw(carets[1]); } } ... private class HitTestMouseListener extends MouseAdapter { /** * Compute the character position of the * mouse click. */ public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { Point2D origin = computeLayoutOrigin(); // Compute the mouse click location // relative to textLayout's origin. float clickX = (float) (e.getX() - origin.getX()); float clickY = (float) (e.getY() - origin.getY()); // Get the character position of the // mouse click. TextHitInfo currentHit = textLayout.hitTestChar(clickX, clickY); insertionIndex = currentHit.getInsertionIndex(); // Repaint the Component so the new // caret(s) will be displayed. hitPane.repaint(); }