The Java™ TutorialsDuke holding a sign

The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available.

The Really Big Index

A list of all content pages in the The Java™ Tutorials

Oracle Legal Notices

Trail: Getting Started

The Java Technology Phenomenon
About the Java Technology
What Can Java Technology Do?
How Will Java Technology Change My Life?
The "Hello World!" Application
"Hello World!" for the NetBeans IDE
"Hello World!" for Microsoft Windows
"Hello World!" for Solaris OS, Linux, and Mac OS X
A Closer Look at the "Hello World!" Application
Questions and Exercises: Getting Started
Common Problems (and Their Solutions)

Trail: Learning the Java Language

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
What Is an Object?
What Is a Class?
What Is Inheritance?
What Is an Interface?
What Is a Package?
Questions and Exercises: Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
Language Basics
Variables
    Primitive Data Types
    Arrays
    Summary of Variables
    Questions and Exercises: Variables
Operators
    Assignment, Arithmetic, and Unary Operators
    Equality, Relational, and Conditional Operators
    Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators
    Summary of Operators
    Questions and Exercises: Operators
Expressions, Statements, and Blocks
Questions and Exercises: Expressions, Statements, and Blocks
Control Flow Statements
    The if-then and if-then-else Statements
    The switch Statement
    The while and do-while Statements
    The for Statement
    Branching Statements
    Summary of Control Flow Statements
    Questions and Exercises: Control Flow Statements
Classes and Objects
Classes
    Declaring Classes
    Declaring Member Variables
    Defining Methods
    Providing Constructors for Your Classes
    Passing Information to a Method or a Constructor
Objects
    Creating Objects
    Using Objects
More on Classes
    Returning a Value from a Method
    Using the this Keyword
    Controlling Access to Members of a Class
    Understanding Class Members
    Initializing Fields
    Summary of Creating and Using Classes and Objects
    Questions and Exercises: Classes
    Questions and Exercises: Objects
Nested Classes
    Inner Class Example
    Local Classes
    Anonymous Classes
    Lambda Expressions
        Method References
    When to Use Nested Classes, Local Classes, Anonymous Classes, and Lambda Expressions
    Questions and Exercises: Nested Classes
Enum Types
Questions and Exercises: Enum Types
Annotations
Annotations Basics
Declaring an Annotation Type
Predefined Annotation Types
Type Annotations and Pluggable Type Systems
Repeating Annotations
Questions and Exercises: Annotations
Interfaces and Inheritance
Interfaces
    Defining an Interface
    Implementing an Interface
    Using an Interface as a Type
    Evolving Interfaces
    Default Methods
    Summary of Interfaces
    Questions and Exercises: Interfaces
Inheritance
    Multiple Inheritance of State, Implementation, and Type
    Overriding and Hiding Methods
    Polymorphism
    Hiding Fields
    Using the Keyword super
    Object as a Superclass
    Writing Final Classes and Methods
    Abstract Methods and Classes
    Summary of Inheritance
    Questions and Exercises: Inheritance
Numbers and Strings
Numbers
    The Numbers Classes
    Formatting Numeric Print Output
    Beyond Basic Arithmetic
    Summary of Numbers
    Questions and Exercises: Numbers
Characters
Strings
    Converting Between Numbers and Strings
    Manipulating Characters in a String
    Comparing Strings and Portions of Strings
    The StringBuilder Class
    Summary of Characters and Strings
Autoboxing and Unboxing
Questions and Exercises: Characters and Strings
Generics (Updated)
Why Use Generics?
Generic Types
    Raw Types
Generic Methods
Bounded Type Parameters
    Generic Methods and Bounded Type Parameters
Generics, Inheritance, and Subtypes
Type Inference
Wildcards
    Upper Bounded Wildcards
    Unbounded Wildcards
    Lower Bounded Wildcards
    Wildcards and Subtyping
    Wildcard Capture and Helper Methods
    Guidelines for Wildcard Use
Type Erasure
    Erasure of Generic Types
    Erasure of Generic Methods
    Effects of Type Erasure and Bridge Methods
    Non-Reifiable Types
Restrictions on Generics
Questions and Exercises: Generics
Packages
Creating and Using Packages
    Creating a Package
    Naming a Package
    Using Package Members
    Managing Source and Class Files
    Summary of Creating and Using Packages
    Questions and Exercises: Creating and Using Packages

Trail: Essential Java Classes

Exceptions
What Is an Exception?
The Catch or Specify Requirement
Catching and Handling Exceptions
    The try Block
    The catch Blocks
    The finally Block
    The try-with-resources Statement
    Putting It All Together
Specifying the Exceptions Thrown by a Method
How to Throw Exceptions
    Chained Exceptions
    Creating Exception Classes
Unchecked Exceptions — The Controversy
Advantages of Exceptions
Summary
Questions and Exercises
Basic I/O
I/O Streams
    Byte Streams
    Character Streams
    Buffered Streams
    Scanning and Formatting
        Scanning
        Formatting
    I/O from the Command Line
    Data Streams
    Object Streams
File I/O (Featuring NIO.2)
    What Is a Path? (And Other File System Facts)
    The Path Class
        Path Operations
    File Operations
    Checking a File or Directory
    Deleting a File or Directory
    Copying a File or Directory
    Moving a File or Directory
    Managing Metadata (File and File Store Attributes)
    Reading, Writing, and Creating Files
    Random Access Files
    Creating and Reading Directories
    Links, Symbolic or Otherwise
    Walking the File Tree
    Finding Files
    Watching a Directory for Changes
    Other Useful Methods
    Legacy File I/O Code
Summary
Questions and Exercises: Basic I/O
Concurrency
Processes and Threads
Thread Objects
    Defining and Starting a Thread
    Pausing Execution with Sleep
    Interrupts
    Joins
    The SimpleThreads Example
Synchronization
    Thread Interference
    Memory Consistency Errors
    Synchronized Methods
    Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization
    Atomic Access
Liveness
    Deadlock
    Starvation and Livelock
Guarded Blocks
Immutable Objects
    A Synchronized Class Example
    A Strategy for Defining Immutable Objects
High Level Concurrency Objects
    Lock Objects
    Executors
        Executor Interfaces
        Thread Pools
        Fork/Join
    Concurrent Collections
    Atomic Variables
    Concurrent Random Numbers
For Further Reading
Questions and Exercises: Concurrency
The Platform Environment
Configuration Utilities
    Properties
    Command-Line Arguments
    Environment Variables
    Other Configuration Utilities
System Utilities
    Command-Line I/O Objects
    System Properties
    The Security Manager
    Miscellaneous Methods in System
PATH and CLASSPATH
Questions and Exercises: The Platform Environment
Regular Expressions
Introduction
Test Harness
String Literals
Character Classes
Predefined Character Classes
Quantifiers
Capturing Groups
Boundary Matchers
Methods of the Pattern Class
Methods of the Matcher Class
Methods of the PatternSyntaxException Class
Unicode Support
Additional Resources
Questions and Exercises: Regular Expressions

Trail: Deployment

Java Applets
Getting Started With Applets
    Defining an Applet Subclass
    Methods for Milestones
    Life Cycle of an Applet
    Applet's Execution Environment
    Developing an Applet
    Deploying an Applet
        Deploying With the Applet Tag
Doing More With Applets
    Finding and Loading Data Files
    Defining and Using Applet Parameters
    Displaying Short Status Strings
    Displaying Documents in the Browser
    Invoking JavaScript Code From an Applet
    Invoking Applet Methods From JavaScript Code
    Handling Initialization Status With Event Handlers
    Manipulating DOM of Applet's Web Page
    Writing Diagnostics to Standard Output and Error Streams
    Developing Draggable Applets
    Communicating With Other Applets
    Working With a Server-Side Application
        Network Client Applet Example
    What Applets Can and Cannot Do
Solving Common Applet Problems
Questions and Exercises: Applets
Java Web Start
Developing a Java Web Start Application
    Retrieving Resources
Deploying a Java Web Start Application
    Setting Up a Web Server
Running a Java Web Start Application
Java Web Start and Security
Common Java Web Start Problems
Questions and Exercises: Java Web Start
Doing More With Java Rich Internet Applications
Setting Trusted Arguments and Secure Properties
    System Properties
JNLP API
    Accessing the Client Using JNLP API
Cookies
    Accessing Cookies
Security in Rich Internet Applications
Guidelines for Securing Rich Internet Applications
Questions and Exercises: Doing More With Rich Internet Applications
Deployment In-Depth
User Acceptance of RIAs
Deployment Toolkit
    Deploying an Applet
        Embedding JNLP File in Applet Tag
    Deploying a Java Web Start Application
        Changing the Launch Button
        Deploying Without Codebase
    Checking the Client JRE Software Version
Java Network Launch Protocol
    Structure of the JNLP File
Deployment Best Practices
    Reducing the Download Time
    Avoiding Unnecessary Update Checks
    Ensuring the Presence of the JRE Software
    Questions and Exercises: Deployment In-Depth
Deploying Self-Contained Applications
Pre-Requisites for Packaging Self-Contained Applications
Converting an Existing Application
Using File Associations
    Adding an External Library
    Providing a Default Argument
    Using a Common Build File for All Platforms
Using Multiple Entry Points
Questions and Exercises: Self-Contained Applications
Packaging Programs in JAR Files
Using JAR Files: The Basics
    Creating a JAR File
    Viewing the Contents of a JAR File
    Extracting the Contents of a JAR File
    Updating a JAR File
    Running JAR-Packaged Software
Working with Manifest Files: The Basics
    Understanding the Default Manifest
    Modifying a Manifest File
    Setting an Application's Entry Point
    Adding Classes to the JAR File's Classpath
    Setting Package Version Information
    Sealing Packages within a JAR File
    Enhancing Security with Manifest Attributes
Signing and Verifying JAR Files
    Understanding Signing and Verification
    Signing JAR Files
    Verifying Signed JAR Files
Using JAR-related APIs
    The JarClassLoader Class
    The JarRunner Class
    Questions and Exercises: JAR

Trail: Creating a GUI With Swing

Getting Started with Swing
About the JFC and Swing
Compiling and Running Swing Programs
Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE
Setting up the CelsiusConverter Project
NetBeans IDE Basics
Creating the CelsiusConverter GUI
Adjusting the CelsiusConverter GUI
Adding the Application Logic
Questions and Exercises: Learning Swing with the NetBeans IDE
Using Swing Components
Using Top-Level Containers
The JComponent Class
Using Text Components
    Text Component Features
    The Text Component API
How to Use Various Components
    How to Make Applets
    How to Use Buttons, Check Boxes, and Radio Buttons
    How to Use the ButtonGroup Component
    How to Use Color Choosers
    How to Use Combo Boxes
    How to Make Dialogs
    How to Use Editor Panes and Text Panes
    How to Use File Choosers
    How to Use Formatted Text Fields
    How to Make Frames (Main Windows)
    How to Use Internal Frames
    How to Use Labels
    How to Use Layered Panes
    How to Use Lists
    How to Use Menus
    How to Use Panels
    How to Use Password Fields
    How to Use Progress Bars
    How to Use Root Panes
    How to Use Scroll Panes
    How to Use Separators
    How to Use Sliders
    How to Use Spinners
    How to Use Split Panes
    How to Use Tabbed Panes
    How to Use Tables
    How to Use Text Areas
    How to Use Text Fields
    How to Use Tool Bars
    How to Use Tool Tips
    How to Use Trees
How to Use HTML in Swing Components
How to Use Models
How to Use Icons
How to Use Borders
Solving Common Component Problems
Questions and Exercises: Using Swing Components
Concurrency in Swing
Initial Threads
The Event Dispatch Thread
Worker Threads and SwingWorker
    Simple Background Tasks
    Tasks that Have Interim Results
    Canceling Background Tasks
    Bound Properties and Status Methods
    Questions and Exercises: Concurrency in Swing
Using Other Swing Features
How to Integrate with the Desktop Class
How to Create Translucent and Shaped Windows
How to Decorate Components with the JLayer Class
How to Use Actions
How to Use Swing Timers
How to Support Assistive Technologies
How to Use the Focus Subsystem
How to Use Key Bindings
How to Use Modality in Dialogs
How to Print Tables
How to Print Text
How to Create a Splash Screen
How to Use the System Tray
Solving Common Problems Using Other Swing Features
Laying Out Components Within a Container
A Visual Guide to Layout Managers
Using Layout Managers
How Layout Management Works
How to Use Various Layout Managers
How to Use BorderLayout
How to Use BoxLayout
How to Use CardLayout
How to Use FlowLayout
How to Use GridBagLayout
How to Use GridLayout
How to Use GroupLayout
    A GroupLayout Example
How to Use SpringLayout
Creating a Custom Layout Manager
Doing Without a Layout Manager (Absolute Positioning)
Solving Common Layout Problems
Questions and Exercises: Laying Out Components within a Container
Modifying the Look and Feel
How to Set the Look and Feel
The Synth Look and Feel
    A Synth Example
Nimbus Look and Feel
    Changing the Look of Nimbus
    Resizing a Component
    Changing the Color Theme
Drag and Drop and Data Transfer
Introduction to DnD
Default DnD Support
    Demo - BasicDnD
TransferHandler Class
    Export Methods
    Import Methods
TransferSupport Class
Setting the Drop Mode
    Demo - DropDemo
Choosing the Drop Action
    Demo - ChooseDropAction
Showing the Drop Location
Location Sensitive Drop
    Demo - LocationSensitiveDemo
Empty Table Drop
Drop Location Rendering
Top-Level Drop
Adding Cut, Copy and Paste (CCP)
CCP in a Text Component
CCP in a non-Text Component
Using and Creating a DataFlavor
Putting it All Together - DnD and CCP
Solving Common Data Transfer Problems
Writing Event Listeners
Introduction to Event Listeners
General Information about Writing Event Listeners
Listeners Supported by Swing Components
Implementing Listeners for Commonly Handled Events
    How to Write an Action Listener
    How to Write a Caret Listener
    How to Write a Change Listener
    How to Write a Component Listener
    How to Write a Container Listener
    How to Write a Document Listener
    How to Write a Focus Listener
    How to Write an Internal Frame Listener
    How to Write an Item Listener
    How to Write a Key Listener
    How to Write a List Data Listener
    How to Write a List Selection Listener
    How to Write a Mouse Listener
    How to Write a Mouse-Motion Listener
    How to Write a Mouse-Wheel Listener
    How to Write a Property Change Listener
    How to Write a Table Model Listener
    How to Write a Tree Expansion Listener
    How to Write a Tree Model Listener
    How to Write a Tree Selection Listener
    How to Write a Tree-Will-Expand Listener
    How to Write an Undoable Edit Listener
    How to Write Window Listeners
Listener API Table
Solving Common Event-Handling Problems
Questions and Exercises: Writing Event Listeners
Performing Custom Painting
Creating the Demo Application (Step 1)
Creating the Demo Application (Step 2)
Creating the Demo Application (Step 3)
Refining the Design
A Closer Look at the Paint Mechanism
Summary
Solving Common Painting Problems
Questions and Exercises: Performing Custom Painting

Trail: Collections

Introduction to Collections
Interfaces
The Collection Interface
The Set Interface
The List Interface
The Queue Interface
The Deque Interface
The Map Interface
Object Ordering
The SortedSet Interface
The SortedMap Interface
Summary of Interfaces
Questions and Exercises: Interfaces
Aggregate Operations
Reduction
Parallelism
Questions and Exercises: Aggregate Operations
Implementations
Set Implementations
List Implementations
Map Implementations
Queue Implementations
Deque Implementations
Wrapper Implementations
Convenience Implementations
Summary of Implementations
Questions and Exercises: Implementations
Algorithms
Custom Collection Implementations
Interoperability
Compatibility
API Design

Trail: Date Time

Date-Time Overview
Date-Time Design Principles
The Date-Time Packages
Method Naming Conventions
Standard Calendar
Overview
DayOfWeek and Month Enums
Date Classes
Date and Time Classes
Time Zone and Offset Classes
Instant Class
Parsing and Formatting
The Temporal Package
    Temporal Adjuster
    Temporal Query
Period and Duration
Clock
Non-ISO Date Conversion
Legacy Date-Time Code
Summary
Questions and Exercises: Date-Time API

Trail: Internationalization

Introduction
A Quick Example
    Before Internationalization
    After Internationalization
    Running the Sample Program
    Internationalizing the Sample Program
Checklist
Setting the Locale
Creating a Locale
BCP 47 Extensions
Identifying Available Locales
Language Tag Filtering and Lookup
The Scope of a Locale
Locale-Sensitive Services SPI
Isolating Locale-Specific Data
About the ResourceBundle Class
Preparing to Use a ResourceBundle
Backing a ResourceBundle with Properties Files
Using a ListResourceBundle
Customizing Resource Bundle Loading
Formatting
Numbers and Currencies
    Using Predefined Formats
    Customizing Formats
Dates and Times
    Using Predefined Formats
    Customizing Formats
    Changing Date Format Symbols
Messages
    Dealing with Compound Messages
    Handling Plurals
Working with Text
Checking Character Properties
Comparing Strings
    Performing Locale-Independent Comparisons
    Customizing Collation Rules
    Improving Collation Performance
Unicode
    Terminology
    Supplementary Characters as Surrogates
    Character and String APIs
    Sample Usage
    Design Considerations
    More Information
Detecting Text Boundaries
    About the BreakIterator Class
    Character Boundaries
    Word Boundaries
    Sentence Boundaries
    Line Boundaries
Converting Latin Digits to Other Unicode Digits
Converting Non-Unicode Text
    Byte Encodings and Strings
    Character and Byte Streams
Normalizing Text
Working with Bidirectional Text with the JTextComponent Class
Internationalization of Network Resources
Internationalized Domain Name
Service Providers for Internationalization
Installing a Custom Resource Bundle as an Extension

Trail: 2D Graphics

Overview of the Java 2D API Concepts
Coordinates
Java 2D Rendering
Geometric Primitives
Text
Images
Printing
Getting Started with Graphics
Working with Geometry
Drawing Geometric Primitives
Drawing Arbitrary Shapes
Stroking and Filling Graphics Primitives
Working with Text APIs
Font Concepts
Text Layout Concepts
Physical and Logical Fonts
Measuring Text
Advanced Text Display
    Displaying Antialiased Text by Using Rendering Hints
    Using Text Attributes to Style Text
    Drawing Multiple Lines of Text
    Working with Bidirectional Text
Working with Images
Reading/Loading an Image
Drawing an Image
Creating and Drawing to an Image
Writing/Saving an Image
Printing
A Basic Printing Program
Using Print Setup Dialogs
Printing a Multiple Page Document
Working with Print Services and Attributes
Printing the Contents of a User Interface
Printing Support in Swing Components
Advanced Topics in Java2D
Transforming Shapes, Text, and Images
Clipping the Drawing Region
Compositing Graphics
Controlling Rendering Quality
Constructing Complex Shapes from Geometry Primitives
Supporting User Interaction

Trail: Sound

Overview of the Sampled Package
Accessing Audio System Resources
Playing Back Audio
Capturing Audio
Processing Audio with Controls
Using Files and Format Converters
Overview of the MIDI Package
Accessing MIDI System Resources
Transmitting and Receiving MIDI Messages
Introduction to Sequencers
Using Sequencer Methods
Using Advanced Sequencer Features
Synthesizing Sound
Introduction to the Service Provider Interfaces
Providing Sampled-Audio Services
Providing MIDI Services

Trail: JavaBeans(TM)

Quick Start
Creating a Project
A Button is a Bean
Wiring the Application
Using a Third-Party Bean
Writing JavaBeans Components
Properties
Methods
Events
Using a BeanInfo
Advanced JavaBeans Topics
Bean Persistence
Long Term Persistence
Bean Customization

Trail: JDBC Database Access

JDBC Introduction
JDBC Architecture
A Relational Database Overview
JDBC Basics
Getting Started
Processing SQL Statements with JDBC
Establishing a Connection
Connecting with DataSource Objects
Handling SQLExceptions
Setting Up Tables
Retrieving and Modifying Values from Result Sets
Using Prepared Statements
Using Transactions
Using RowSet Objects
Using JdbcRowSet Objects
Using CachedRowSetObjects
Using JoinRowSet Objects
Using FilteredRowSet Objects
Using WebRowSet Objects
Using Advanced Data Types
Using Large Objects
Using SQLXML Objects
Using Array Objects
Using DISTINCT Data Type
Using Structured Objects
Using Customized Type Mappings
Using Datalink Objects
Using RowId Objects
Using Stored Procedures
Using JDBC with GUI API

Trail: Java Management Extensions (JMX)

Overview of the JMX Technology
Why Use the JMX Technology?
Architecture of the JMX Technology
Monitoring and Management of the Java Virtual Machine
Introducing MBeans
Standard MBeans
MXBeans
Notifications
Remote Management
Exposing a Resource for Remote Management By JConsole
Creating a Custom JMX Client

Trail: Java API for XML Processing (JAXP)

Introduction to JAXP
Overview of the Packages
Simple API for XML APIs
Document Object Model APIs
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations APIs
Streaming API for XML APIs
Finding the JAXP Sample Programs
Where Do You Go From Here?
Simple API for XML
When to Use SAX
Parsing an XML File Using SAX
Implementing SAX Validation
Handling Lexical Events
Using the DTDHandler and EntityResolver
Further Information
Document Object Model
When to Use DOM
Reading XML Data into a DOM
Validating with XML Schema
Further Information
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations
Introducing XSL, XSLT, and XPath
How XPath Works
Writing Out a DOM as an XML File
Generating XML from an Arbitrary Data Structure
Transforming XML Data with XSLT
Streaming API for XML
Why StAX?
StAX API
Using StAX
Oracle's Streaming XML Parser Implementation
Example Code
Further Information
JAXP 1.5 and New Properties
Background
External Resources
New Properties
Scope and Order
Relationship with the SecurityManager
Property Settings in the JDK
Using the Properties
Error Handling
StAX
Conclusion
References
Processing Limits
Processing Limit Definitions
Scope and Order
Using the Limits
Error Handling
StAX
Samples

Trail: RMI

An Overview of RMI Applications
Writing an RMI Server
    Designing a Remote Interface
    Implementing a Remote Interface
Creating a Client Program
Compiling and Running the Example
    Compiling the Example Programs
    Running the Example Programs

Trail: Security Features in Java SE

Security Features Overview
Creating a Policy File
Set up a Policy File to Grant the Required Permission
    Start Policy Tool
    Grant the Required Permission
    Save the Policy File
Quick Tour of Controlling Applications
Observe Application Freedom
See How to Restrict Applications
Set up the Policy File to Grant the Required Permissions
    Open the Policy File
    Grant the Required Permissions
    Save the Policy File
See the Policy File Effects
API and Tools Use for Secure Code and File Exchanges
Signing Code and Granting It Permissions
Steps for the Code Signer
    Download and Try the Sample Application
    Create a JAR File Containing the Class File
    Generate Keys
    Sign the JAR File
    Export the Public Key Certificate
Steps for the Code Receiver
    Observe the Restricted Application
    Import the Certificate as a Trusted Certificate
    Set Up a Policy File to Grant the Required Permission
        Start Policy Tool
        Specify the Keystore
        Add a Policy Entry with a SignedBy Alias
        Save the Policy File
    See the Policy File Effects
Exchanging Files
Steps for the Contract Sender
    Create a JAR File Containing the Contract
    Generate Keys
    Sign the JAR File
    Export the Public Key Certificate
Steps for the Contract Receiver
    Import the Certificate as a Trusted Certificate
    Verify the JAR File Signature
Generating and Verifying Signatures
Generating a Digital Signature
    Prepare Initial Program Structure
    Generate Public and Private Keys
    Sign the Data
    Save the Signature and the Public Key in Files
    Compile and Run the Program
Verifying a Digital Signature
    Prepare Initial Program Structure
    Input and Convert the Encoded Public Key Bytes
    Input the Signature Bytes
    Verify the Signature
    Compile and Run the Program
Weaknesses and Alternatives
Implementing Your Own Permission
ExampleGame
The HighScore Class
The HighScorePermission Class
A Sample Policy File
Putting It All Together
    Steps for the HighScore Developer (Chris)
    Steps for the ExampleGame Developer (Terry)
    Steps for a User Running ExampleGame (Kim)

Trail: The Extension Mechanism

Creating and Using Extensions
Installed Extensions
Download Extensions
Understanding Extension Class Loading
Creating Extensible Applications
Making Extensions Secure
Setting Privileges for Extensions
Sealing Packages in Extensions

Trail: The Reflection API

Classes
Retrieving Class Objects
Examining Class Modifiers and Types
Discovering Class Members
Troubleshooting
Members
Fields
    Obtaining Field Types
    Retrieving and Parsing Field Modifiers
    Getting and Setting Field Values
    Troubleshooting
Methods
    Obtaining Method Type Information
    Obtaining Names of Method Parameters
    Retrieving and Parsing Method Modifiers
    Invoking Methods
    Troubleshooting
Constructors
    Finding Constructors
    Retrieving and Parsing Constructor Modifiers
    Creating New Class Instances
    Troubleshooting
Arrays and Enumerated Types
Arrays
    Identifying Array Types
    Creating New Arrays
    Getting and Setting Arrays and Their Components
    Troubleshooting
Enumerated Types
    Examining Enums
    Getting and Setting Fields with Enum Types
    Troubleshooting

Trail: Custom Networking

Overview of Networking
What You May Already Know About Networking in Java
Networking Basics
Working with URLs
What Is a URL?
Creating a URL
Parsing a URL
Reading Directly from a URL
Connecting to a URL
Reading from and Writing to a URLConnection
All About Sockets
What Is a Socket?
Reading from and Writing to a Socket
Writing the Server Side of a Socket
All About Datagrams
What Is a Datagram?
Writing a Datagram Client and Server
Broadcasting to Multiple Recipients
Programmatic Access to Network Parameters
What Is a Network Interface?
Retrieving Network Interfaces
Listing Network Interface Addresses
Network Interface Parameters
Working With Cookies
HTTP State Management With Cookies
CookieHandler Callback Mechanism
Default CookieManager
Custom CookieManager

Trail: Bonus

Generics
Introduction
Defining Simple Generics
Generics and Subtyping
Wildcards
Generic Methods
Interoperating with Legacy Code
The Fine Print
Class Literals as Runtime-Type Tokens
More Fun with Wildcards
Converting Legacy Code to Use Generics
Acknowledgements
Full-Screen Exclusive Mode API
Full-Screen Exclusive Mode
Display Mode
Passive vs. Active Rendering
Double Buffering and Page Flipping
BufferStrategy and BufferCapabilities
Examples
Preparation for Java Programmer Language Certification

Trail: Java Naming and Directory Interface

Naming and Directory Concepts
Directory Concepts
Overview of JNDI
Naming Package
Directory and LDAP Packages
Event and Service Provider Packages
Software Setup
LDAP Setup
Java Application Setup
Naming and Directory Operations
Naming Exceptions
Lookup an Object
List the Context
Add, Replace or Remove a Binding
Rename
Create and Destroy Subcontexts
Attribute Names
Read Attributes
Modify Attributes
Add, Replace Bindings with Attributes
Search
    Basic Search
    Filters
    Scope
    Result Count
    Time Limit
Trouble Shooting Tips
Advanced Topics for LDAP Users
LDAP v3
JNDI as an LDAP API
    How LDAP Operations Map to JNDI APIs
    How LDAP Error Codes Map to JNDI Exceptions
Security
    Modes of Authenticating to LDAP
    Authentication Mechanisms
    Anonymous
    Simple
    SASL
    Digest-MD5
    SSL and Custom Sockets
More LDAP Operations
    LDAP Compare
    Search Results
     LDAP Unsolicited Notifications
Connection Management
    Creation
     Closing
    Pooling
    Configuration
Frequently Asked Questions
Java Objects in the Directory
Storing and Reading Objects
Serializable Objects
New features in JDK 5.0 and JDK 6
Retrieving Distinguished Name
Standard LDAP Controls
Paged Results Control
Sort Control
Manage Referral Control
Manipulating LdapName (Distinguished Name)
Manipulating Relative Distinguished Name (RDN)
Setting Timeout for Ldap Operations

Trail: Sockets Direct Protocol

Understanding the Sockets Direct Protocol
Overview
Creating an SDP Configuration File
Enabling the SDP Protocol
Debugging SDP
Technical Issues with SDP
Solaris and Linux Support
Supported Java APIs
For More Information

Trail: Java Architecture for XML Binding

Introduction to JAXB
JAXB Architecture
Representing XML Content
Binding XML Schemas
Customizing Generated Classes and Java Program Elements
JAXB Examples
Basic Examples
Customizing JAXB Bindings
Java-to-Schema Examples
For More Information